PRINWASS

2004 OPEN WORKSHOP

"Main trends and prospects characterizing private sector participation in water and sanitation: a discussion of project findings"

30 June and 1 July 2004

VENUE

Queen Elizabeth House, International Development Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford

A group of workshop participants. Standing, from the left: Alfred Mashauri (University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), Juan Carlos Marín (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina), María Luisa Torregrossa and Fernando Saavedra Peláez (FLACSO, Mexico), Nina Laurie (University of Newcastle), Marcelo Coutinho Vargas (Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil), Gustavo Forte (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina), Karina Kloster (FLACSO Mexico), Osmo Seppälä (Tampere University of Technology, Finland), Giorgos Kallis (University of the Aegean, Greece), Emilio Crenzel (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina), Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga (University of Nairobi, Kenya), Jacques Labre (Suez Environnement, France), and Carmen Ledo (Higher University of San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia). Below, José Esteban Castro (University of Oxford).

PROGRAMME

* Most papers presented at the workshop are available for downloading in the documents web page.

* *

First Day - 30 June 2004

Prof. Barbara Harris-White
Director-Elect, Queen Elizabeth House
University Professor in Development Studies
University of Oxford

Welcome Speech

*

Dr. Cornelia E. Nauen
Senior Scientific Officer
International Cooperation Research Directorate General (DG RTD)
European Commission

Introduction to the European Commission’s INCO-DEV Programme

*

Prof. Pedro Arrojo Agudo
Faculty of Economics and Business Studies, University of Zaragossa,
President of the New Water Culture Foundation

Invited speech: “Essential water and sanitation services and the search for a New Water Culture”

*

Dr José Esteban Castro
PRINWASS General Coordinator
School of Geography and the Environment
University of Oxford

Brief presentation of PRINWASS objectives, approach, and structure

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Session I: "Comparative Analyses of Case Studies"

Dr Giorgos Kallis
University of the Aegean, Greece

"Cross-comparative analysis of the Environmental Dimension"

*

Dr Fernando Saavedra Peláez
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Mexico

"Cross-comparative analysis of the Technology and infrastructure Dimension"

*

Lic. Emilio Crenzel and Lic. Gustavo Forte
University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

"Cross-comparative analysis of the Demo-geographycal Dimension"

*

Dr Marcelo Coutinho Vargas
Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil

"Cross-comparative analysis of the Policy-institutional Dimension"

*

Dr José Esteban Castro
University of Oxford

"Cross-comparative analysis of the Economic-financial Dimension"

* Presentation based on the report prepared by Lic. Daniel Azpiazu, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Argentina

*

Dr Nina Laurie
University of Newcastle upon Tyne

"Cross-comparative analysis of the Socio-political and cultural Dimension"

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Session II: "Round Table on: Achieving the UN goals for water and sanitation: what role can the private sector play? Under what circumstances?"

The round table consisted in a series of brief presentations followed by questions and debate with the public

Chairperson: Dr María Luisa Torregrosa Armentia
PRINWASS Coordinator in Mexico
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Mexico

Participants:

Mr Richard Aylard
RWE-Thames Water
United Kingdom

Dr. Jacques Labre
Relations Institutionnelles de l'Eau, Suez Environnement
Paris

Mr David Hall
Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU)
University of Greenwich, UK

Ms Belinda Calaguas
WaterAid
UK

Prof. Pedro Arrojo Agudo
University of Zaragossa and New Water Culture Foundation
Zaragossa, Spain

Dr Tapio Katko
Tampere University of Technology
Tampere, Finland

Dr José Esteban Castro
University of Oxford
UK

* * * * *

Second Day - 1 July 2004

Session III: "Regional assessment and main trends"

Dr José Esteban Castro
University of Oxford

PRINWASS findings: specific country and regional trends

*

Dr Osmo Seppälä
Tampere University of Technology
Tampere, Finland

The exercise of scenario building. Methodology and examples

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Part 1: Africa. Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies

Chairperson: Dr Carmen Ledo
Higher University of San Simón
Cochabamba, Bolivia

Dr Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga
University of Nairobi
Nairobi, Kenya

Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies – Kenya

*

Dr Damas Alfred Mashauri
University of Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies – Tanzania

* *

Part 2: Latin America. Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies

Chairperson: Dr Cassio Luiselli Fernández
Technological Institute of Monterrey (TEC)
Mexico City, Mexico

Lic. Emilio Crenzel
University of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies – Argentina

* Presentation based on the case study jointly prepared with Lic. Daniel Azpiazu, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Argentina; and Prof. Juan Carlos Marín and Lic Gustavo Forte, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

*

Dr Nina Laurie, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, and Dr Carmen Ledo, Higher University of San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia

Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies – Bolivia

* Presentation based on the case study jointly prepared with Dr Carlos Crespo, Higher University of San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

*

Dr Marcelo Coutinho Vargas
Federal University of Sao Carlos
Sao Paulo, Brazil

Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies – Brazil

*

Lic. Karina Kloster
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO)
Mexico City, Mexico

Lessons and prospects derived from the case studies – Mexico

* Presentation based on the case study jointly prepared with Dr María Luisa Torregrosa Armentia and Dr Fernando Saavedra Peláez, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Mexico.

* * * * *

The speakers

Pedro Arrojo Agudo is a senior lecturer in Economics in the Department of Economic Analysis, Faculty of Economics and Business Studies, University of Zaragossa. He is also the Director of the New Water Culture Foundation, also based at the University of Zaragossa. He obtained a B.Sc. in Physics (First class Hons) at the University of Zaragossa (1973) and a Ph. D. in Physics (Cum Laude) at the same university (1987). In 2003 he was awarded the Goldman Price for his long-standing work on ecological issues. He is also the President of the Iberian Congress on Water Planning and Management, which is constituted by 72 Spanish and Portuguese Universities; member of the Spanish MAB-UNESCO Committee; member of the International Water Resources Association - IWRA Spanish Committee; and member of the Water Council of the Ebro river basin in Spain. Among other professional experiences he has worked for the European Union as an expert in the implementation of the new economic approach presented by the Water Framework Directive and for the Spanish Government in the assessment of the economic aspects of the National Hydrological Plan. During his stay as a Visiting Scholar at the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of California-Davis (1995-96), he wrote several papers and books contrasting the Spanish and the Californian experiences in water management. Main books and papers published in the last three years: La Gestión del Agua en España y California (Water Management in Spain and California), with J. M. Naredo, ISBN: 84-88949-09-X. Bilbao, Bakeaz, series “Nueva Cultura del Agua”, Nº 3, 1997; El Agua a Debate desde la Universidad: Hacia una Nueva Cultura del Agua (A Debate on Water from the University: Towards a New Water Culture), with J. Martínez Gil (eds.), ISBN: 84-8416-032-7, Zaragossa, Fundación Fernando el Católico- Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 1998; “Valoración de las aguas subterráneas en el marco económico general de la gestión de aguas en España” (Appraisal of underground waters within the economic framework of water management in Spain), in La economía del Agua Subterránea y su Gestión Colectiva (The Economics of Underground Water and its Collective Management), Nuria Hernández and Ramón Llamas (eds.), Madrid, Fundación Marcelino Botín, 2001; El Plan Hidrológico Nacional a Debate (The Nacional Hydrological Plan Debated), Bilbao, Fundación Nueva Cultura del Agua and Bakeaz, series “Nueva Cultura del Agua”, Nº 7, 2001.

Richard Aylard joined RWE Thames Water in the new post of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Director in October 2002 and reports to the Deputy Chief Executive. His responsibilities relate to the company’s performance and engagement on social, environmental and ethical issues, across the 20+ countries where RWE Thames Water now operates. Richard was previously a consultant to major companies, leading the global CSR Unit at Burson-Marsteller, based in London. From 1985 to 1996 he worked in the office of HRH The Prince of Wales, latterly as Private Secretary. Throughout this period he was the Prince’s lead advisor and speechwriter on environmental issues. He has a particular interest in the effective communication of issues relating to sustainability, and in developing constructive dialogue and partnerships between businesses and NGOs. Richard holds a degree in Applied Zoology from the University of Reading. He is a member of the Council of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Europe’s largest environmental conservation organisation, and chairs the Communications Committee. He is also a Senior Advisor to Cambridge University’s Programme for Industry and an Ambassador for WWF (UK).

Daniel Azpiazu obtained a BA in Economics from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. He is a Senior Researcher at the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) and is the Director of the Research Programme on Privatization and Regulation in the Argentinean Economy at the Area of Economics and Technology, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Buenos Aires. Azpiazu teaches in several post-graduate programmes at FLACSO and in the national universities of General San Martín, Rosario, Cuyo and del Sur. He has an extensive record as a consultant, including work for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning (ILPES), the Organization of American States (OAS), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the German Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). He has also a number of publications, including: Las Privatizaciones en la Argentina. Diagnósticos y Propuestas para una Mayor Competitividad y Equidad Social (Privatizations in Argentina. Diagnoses and Proposals for Greater Competitiveness and Social Equity); Crónica de una Sumisión Anunciada. Las Renegociaciones con las Empresas Privatizadas bajo la Administración Duhalde (Chronicle of an Announced Submission. The Renegotiations with the Privatized Companies under the Duhalde Administration) [coauthored]; La Desregulación de los Mercados. Paradigmas e Inequidades de las Políticas del Neoliberalismo: las Industrias Lácteas, Farmacéutica y Automotriz (Market Deregulation. Paradigms and Inequities in Neoliberal Policies: the Dairy, Pharmaceutical, and Car industries) [ed.]; La Concentración en la Industria Argentina de los Noventas (Concentration in the Argentinean Industry during the 1990s); El Desarrollo Ausente. Restricciones al Desarrollo, Neoconservadorismo y Elite Económica en la Argentina. Ensayos de Economía Política (Absent Development. Development Restrictions, Neo-Conservatism and Economic Elite in Argentina. Essays of Political Economy) [coautor]; El Nuevo Poder Económico en la Argentina de los Años Ochenta (The New Economic Power in Argentina during the 1980s) [coautor]; Recursos Públicos, Negocios Privados. Agua Potable y Saneamiento Ambiental en el AMBA (Public Resources, Private Businesses. Drinking Water and Environmental Sanitation in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area) [coauthor]. As a member of the PRINWASS team, Lic. Azpiazu is responsible for the economic-financial dimension of the Buenos Aires case study, for the cross-comparative report of the economic-financial dimension, and for contributing to the country strategic report for Argentina, one of the final deliverables of the project.

Belinda Calaguas joined WaterAid as Advocacy Manager in 1999. She currently leads a growing public policy team at WaterAid involved in policy research and advocacy on issues including quantity and quality of public financing to the sector, urban water sector reform, improving governance in the sector, and the human right to water. Belinda currently leads WaterAid’s work on water/sanitation and poverty linkages, prioritising water and sanitation in PRSPs, and in developing criteria for assessing effectiveness of development aid to water and sanitation. She has written or co-written WaterAid publications on private sector participation, financing the Millennium Development Goals targets on water and sanitation, PRSPs and water, and Community empowerment and capacity building. Belinda is a member of the Working Group for a Multi-Stakeholder Review of Private Sector Participation in water supply and sanitation services. Belinda has worked on black and ethnic minority issues in Britain as the first co-ordinator of the Migrant & Refugee Communities Forum based in a London borough. She worked in various capacities as project manager, researcher, development journalist, organiser and trainer with women, urban poor, and farmer and student sectors in the Philippines before moving to London with her husband and daughter in 1993.

José Esteban Castro obtained a B.A. in Sociology from the University of Buenos Aires (1983-1988), carried out studies for a B.A. in Psychology at the same institution (1984-1990), and obtained a Masters degree in Social Science from the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) – Mexico (1990-1992). In January 1998, he completed his D.Phil. in Politics at Oxford (1993-1998), thus ending a period of seven years of research into the politics of water in Mexico. He is currently a Senior Research Associate at the School of Geography and the Environment in Oxford and a member of the School’s Centre for Water Research. In Oxford he is also associated to the International Development Centre (Queen Elizabeth House), the Centre for Brazilian Studies, and the Centre for Mexican Studies. His main interests are critical social theory and research on issues of social inequality and social change looking at the interweaving between macro and micro socio-political and environmental processes from a long-term perspective. Within this framework, he has focused among other topics on the interlinks between water control activities, state formation, and the development of citizenship rights, the intertwining between the public and private spheres in the provision of public services (water and sanitation), the interaction between the different epistemic subjects producing knowledge about water and the institutions and processes involving the social management of this resource, and environmental (water) conflict and governance. He has done work about these issues on a number of countries, including Argentina, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and Portugal. He has several publications, including: “Urban water and the politics of citizenship: the case of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (1980s-1990s)”, Environment and Planning A, Vol. 36 #2, (2004), pp. 327-46; “London: structural continuities and institutional change in water management”, (with E. Swyngedouw and M. Kaïka) in European Planning Studies (ISSN Print 0965-4313), Special issue on "Water for the city: trends, policy issues and the challenge of sustainability" Vol. 11, #3 (2003), pp. 283-298; “Urban water: a political-ecology perspective”, (with E. Swyngedouw and M. Kaïka) in Built Environment (ISSN 0263-7960), Special Issue on "Sustainable water use in urban areas", Vol. 28, #2 (2002), pp. 124-137; “Private sector involvement in water and sanitation services, water governance, and the water poor: some lessons from Latin America, Africa, and Europe”, in N. Laurie (ed.) Geoforum, Special Issue on “‘Pro-poor’ water: past present and future scenarios” (forthcoming 2004); and Water, Power, and Citizenship. Social Struggle in the Basin of Mexico, Palgrave-Macmillan (forthcoming, 2004). As a member of the PRINWASS team, he is the general project coordinator. He is also responsible for the London case study, the cross-comparative study on socio-political and cultural aspects (jointly with Dr Nina Laurie), and the country strategic report for England.

Emilio A. Crenzel obtained his BA in Sociology from the University of Buenos Aires. He also completed an M.A. in Social Science Research (special honours), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires is currently reading for a PhD in Social Sciences at the same university. He is a lecturer in Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires and Principal Teaching Assistant in Sociological Research at the Institute of Social Research “Gino Germani” in the same university. In addition, he is a Senior Researcher in the Programme on Measurement and Analysis of the Country’s Occupational Structure at the National Institute for Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), Argentina. He has published “A crise Argentina atual e o futuro da democracia” (The current Argentinean crisis and the future of democracy” (jointly with Florencia Ferrer) in Coyuntura Política, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2002; also: Memorias Enfrentadas: el Voto a Bussi en Tucumán (Memories Confronted: the Vote to General Bussi in Tucuman), National University of Tucumán Press, Argentina, 2001. As a member of the PRINWASS team, Crenzel is responsible for the Tucumán case study, for the demo-geographic dimension of the Buenos Aires case study (jointly with Lic. Gustavo Forte), for the cross-comparative study of the demo-geographic dimension (jointly with Lic. Gustavo Forte), and for contributing to the country strategic report for Argentina, one of the final deliverables of the project.

Gustavo Forte obtained his BA in Sociology from the University of Buenos Aires in 1992. He is a Lecturer in Sociology and a member of the Research Programme on Social Change at the “Gino Germani” Institute for Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires. His research has been mainly focused on the processes of development and normative change of citizenship. Since 1993 he has been also a member of the team responsible for the Analysis and Thematic Development of the Permanent Household Survey (EPH) at the National Institute for Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), which gathers information about the socio-demographic, occupational, and labour market characteristics of the country’s population on a regular basis. At INDEC he has also been a member of the team in charge of the methodological reformulation of the EPH implemented since 2003. Lic. Forte has been also a consultant for national and international organizations, including collaboration in the design and administration of the National Survey on the Conditions and Environment at the Workplace carried out in 1992 in the food, textile and metalwork industrial sectors in Buenos Aires by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security and funded jointly by the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme. As a member of the PRINWASS team he has been responsible for the Buenos Aires case study and country strategic report (jointly with Lic. Emilio Crenzel and the FLACSO Argentina team), and for the demo-geographic dimension of the research (jointly with Lic. Emilio Crenzel).

David Hall Director of Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU) at the University of Greenwich. PSIRU monitors privatisation in utilities and public services worldwide, with the results published at PSIRU's web site, and specialises in water, energy and healthcare. He has written a number of reports on water privatisation and restructuring. Before joining PSIRU he worked at the Public Services Privatisation Research Unit, which developed a database on privatisation for the UK trade unions. He had previously worked for trade union research units, and as a lecturer in higher education. He has written books on public expenditure and labour law.

Barbara Harris-White is the University Professor in Development Studies, and Director-elect of Queen Elizabeth House. She was the Founder-Director of Oxford’s M.Phil. in Development Studies. She works in two areas of political economy. The first is the regulation of the informal economy, which builds on years of fieldwork on agrarian markets, especially foodgrains: her most recent book on this area is India Working: Essays on Economy and Society, Cambridge University Press, 2003. Her second area of interest is manifold aspects of deprivation, on which she has published Illfare in India, Sage, 1999, and Globalisation and Insecurity, Palgrave, 2002. The two interests come together in a long term study of rural transformation in Southern India in which, among many other aspects of agricultural production, she has been tracking the behaviour of the water table, irrigation, and, more recently, drinking water and sanitation. Her more recent work on these aspects is: Rural India Facing the 21st Century, Anthem, 2004.

Giorgos Kallis is an environmental scientist with working and research experience in water policy. Graduated with a first class honours degree in Chemistry (Imperial College, London) and completed a Masters Programme in Environmental Engineering (Imperial College, London). In 2002 he was granted a Doctorate in Environmental Policy and Planning by the Department of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, Mytilini. He has worked in the European Parliament, DG-Research contributing to the revision of EU water directives. He co-ordinated the research (reporting to project co-ordinator) of the three year research project “Metropolitan Areas and Sustainable Use of Water” with the participation of 5 research groups from Greece, Israel, Spain, Netherlands and the U.K (funded by European Commission, DG-Research). He is the Greek team leader in two other running EU water research projects, including PRINWASS and a second one on integrated project evaluation of river basin projects. He has carried out also consultancy work for the European Parliament and currently authors on behalf of UNEP/MAP policy guidelines for the “Integrated Urban Water System Management in Coastal Areas in the Mediterranean”. Dr Kallis is a member of the board of the environmental NGO Mediterranean S.O.S since 1999 and he has contributed to its public awareness, education, training and demonstration activities. As a member of the PRINWASS team, Dr Kallis is responsible for the Athens case study, for the cross-comparative study of the environmental dimension, and for the country strategic report for Greece. He is also a member of the project’s Publications Committee.

Tapio Katko is a Docent and Academy Fellow at the Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology (IEEB), Tampere University of Technology (TUT). He gained his doctoral degree (D.Tech. Civ.Eng.) from TUT in 1991. His major research interests are on institutional, management and policy issues of water and sanitation services including long-term development of water services - both in local and global context as well as in historical and futures perspectives. Currently Dr. Katko together with his colleague at TUT Dr. Jarmo Hukka are heading a research team called CADWES (Capacity Development in Water and Environmental Services). As a member of the PRINWASS team he is the coordinator of the Finnish group at Tampere University of Technology, which has responsibility for the local case study and country strategic report, for the policy-institutional dimension of the study, and also for overseeing the interaction with the teams at the universities of Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He is also a member of the project’s publications committee.

Karina Kloster obtained her BA in Sociology from the University of Buenos Aires, and an MA in Social Sciences from the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), Mexico. She is currently reading for a PhD in Social and Political Science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). She is a research and teaching assistant at FLACSO Mexico, and works with Dr. María Luisa Torregrosa in several research projects, including PRINWASS and Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas, a study funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and coordinated by the Development Planning Unit, University College London. She has published “Ciudadanía y gobernabilidad en México: el caso de la conflictividad y la participación social en torno a la gestión del agua” (Citizenship and governance in Mexico: conflict and social participation around water management), with José Esteban Castro and María Luisa Torregrosa, in Blanca Jiménez and Luis Marín (ed.), El Agua en México Vista desde la Academia (Water in Mexico: an Academic Perspective), ISBN 968-7428-22-8, México DF: Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, 2004, pp. 339-370; “Ciudadanía y gobernabilidad en la cuenca del Río Bravo-Grande” (Citizenship and governance in the Rio Bravo-Grande basin), with José Esteban Castro, Isabel Studer, and María Luisa Torregrosa, in Blanca Jiménez and Luis Marín (ed.), El Agua en México Vista desde la Academia (Water in Mexico: an Academic Perspective), ISBN 968-7428-22-8, México DF: Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, 2004, pp. 199-232.

Jacques Labre is currently Senior Water Adviser at the International Division of Suez Environnement, the Division of the Suez Group managing the Water and Waste Businesses. His duties include relationships with international institutions involved in water and development (both governmental like the UN system and the European Union as well as non governmental institutions), and with universities and research centers working on public service policies and development. He has 30 years of professional experience in water management, shared between the public and private sectors. His experience covers public services in water supply & sanitation, water resources, irrigation, small scale hydropower, management of engineering companies, and local authority investment planning. He graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique de Paris and then from the Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural des Eaux et Forêts (ENGREF), with a PhD in Water and Environmental Engineering. He has spent part of his career in decentralised departments of the French ministries of Environment and Agriculture, and in government-owned companies dealing with development and operation of multipurpose water infrastructure in southern France and in developing countries. He joined the Lyonnaise des Eaux group (now Suez) in 1989 as Deputy Managing Director of Safege Consulting Engineers, a group of companies involved in water and environmental engineering services with a worldwide activity. He also served as CEO of a subsidiary specialised in geophysics and geosciences. In 1998 he moved to the mother company Suez as development director in charge of new businesses in Water Resources Management (non conventional water resources , services to irrigators associations, etc). In his present position, Jacques Labre has recently given several lectures on Public Private Partnerships in Water and Sanitation, notably at the UNESCO – IHE Institute for Water Education at Delft (the Netherlands).

Nina Laurie is a Senior Lecturer in Development Geography at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. She has a M.A. in Geography from McGill University (Canada, 1988), and PhD in Geography from University College London (1995). She has a long-standing research record on issues of gender and development, particularly in Latin America, including work for the UK Department of International Development (DFID), the Economic and Social Research Council, and the British Council. She has published, among other, Introduction and Conclusion to Feminist Geographies: Explorations in Diversity and Difference, (co-author) (part of the Women in Geography Study Group Collective writing team), London, Longman, (1997); “The new excluded ‘indigenous’?: The implications of multi-ethnic policies for water reform in Bolivia” (with Sarah Radcliffe and Robert Andolina), in R. Sneider, Pluri-Cultural and Multi-Ethnic - Implications for State and Society in Mesoamerica and the Andes, London, Palgrave, 2002; “Indigenous professionalisation: transnational social reproduction in the Andes” (with Robert Andolina and Sarah Radcliffe, in Katz, C., S. Marsdon, K. Mitchell (eds) Life’s Work, London, Blackwell (in press, 2004). She is also currently editing a Special Issue on “‘Pro-poor’ water: past present and future scenarios” for Geoforum (forthcoming 2004). As a member of the PRINWASS team she has been in charge of the Bolivian case study (jointly with Dr Carlos Crespo and Dr Carmen Ledo from the Higher University of San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia), and of the cross-comparative study on socio-political and cultural aspects of the study (jointly with Dr José Esteban Castro).

Carmen Ledo obtained a PhD from the Faculty of Architecture at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands (1998-2002). Her thesis focused on “Urbanisation and Poverty in the Cities of the National Economic Corridor in Bolivia. Case Study: Cochabamba” and has been published by Delft University Press (ISBN 90-407-2306-0). She also completed an MA in “Population Social Studies” at the Latin American Demographic Centre (CELADE), Santiago de Chile (1985-86). Since November 2003 she has been appointed Coordinator of the Planning and Management Centre (CEPLAG) at the Higher University of San Simón (UMSS) in Cochabamba, Bolivia. The CEPLAG is an interdisciplinary social science research centre belonging to the faculties of Economics and Sociology, and Architecture at the UMSS. It was created through an agreement of Co-operation with the Council of Flemish Universities (Vlaamse interuniversitaire Raad - VLIR) and the Catholic University of Louvain (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - KULeuven), Belgium. Dr Ledo has also a record of research and consultancy for national and international institutions, including the coordination of a current research-action project dealing with irrigation systems management, the analysis of farming systems dynamics, and their consequences on water use in periurban areas of Cochabamba. She has also worked in various capacities as project manager, researcher, organiser and trainer with women, urban poor, and farmer and student sectors in Bolivian cities as a consultant for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) since 1988, and has been a member of the International Union for Scientific Study of the Population’s (IUSSP) Liege, Belgium since 1988. Among other, she has published: Trabajo Infantil en Bolivia (Child Labour in Bolivia), UNICEF – INE, La Paz, Bolivia, 2003; La Distribución Espacial de la Población en Bolivia (Spatial Population Distribution In Bolivia), FNUAP – CODEPO, La Paz, Bolivia, 2003; “Derechos económicos, sociales y desarrollo humano” (Economic and social rights and human development), in Primer Informe de Derechos Humanos (First Human Rights Report), Defensor del Pueblo, CERES, Cochabamba, 2003. As a member of the PRINWASS team she is responsible for the economic-financial aspects of the Bolivian case study, and for contributing to the country strategic study and to the economic and financial dimension of the project, which is coordinated by FLACSO Argentina.

Cassio Luiselli Fernández was Under-Secretary of Environmental Regulation at the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) during the period 2000-2003. He is the President of the Mexico-Korea Commission for the 21st Century. Born in Mexico, he received a bachelor’s degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Economics. Graduated with a masters degree and completed doctoral studies in Economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. As a Public Servant was adviser to the President of Mexico and at the President Cabinet as General Coordinator of the Mexican Food System. Held posts of Deputy General of ECLA, (U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) and Deputy Director of the Inter-American Institute of Cooperation in Agriculture. Served as Mexico’s Ambassador to the Republic of Korea and South Africa in the last one also served as concurred Ambassador of Mexico to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. As a Professor (and advisor researcher) he has taught at the Center of Economic Research and Instruction (CIDE), El Colegio de México at the Asian and African Studies Center. He is presently teaching at the Technological Institute of Monterrey (Mexico City Campus). Authored and co-authored various books about economic development, agriculture and international issues. In his area of expertise has published more than 40 articles and has served as a member of the advisory council for the magazine Nexos in Mexico. Columnist at El Universal, the most influential newspaper in Mexico City. Member of the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) and Member of the Mexican Council for International Affairs.

Juan Carlos Marín Menchaca obtained his BA in Sociology from the University of Buenos Aires in 1961. Since the return of democratically elected governments in 1986 he has been a full-time Professor of Sociology in the Faculty of Social Sciences, and a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Social Research “Gino Germani”, in the University of Buenos Aires. At the Institute, he has been the Director of the Research Programme on Social Change (PICASO) since 1989. He has carried out extensive teaching and research activities in different countries of Latin America, particularly in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. Much of this work has been centred on the study of rural processes, including access to land and water for productive uses. Prof. Marín Menchaca has also a long-standing and varied career as international consultant on rural processes, including work on feasibility studies for Peasant Training Programmes and an assessment of peasant land invasions in Chile (UN Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], 1971-73); an appraisal of problems affecting the population in the Bermejo river basin, Argentina (Organization of American States, 1974-75); studies on the rural population of Tabasco, Mexico (FAO, 1976-77); monitoring of the Irrigation and Drainage Districts Transfer process in Mexico (FAO, Mexican Institute for Water Technology [IMTA], and Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences [FLACSO], 1989); research on the prevailing social characteristics of the productive units of the Mexican irrigation districts (FAO, IMTA, FLACSO, 1992-94); and a methodological assessment for the study of social processes in rural areas at the international level (FAO, Rome, 1998). In the academic sphere he has published, among other, Conversaciones sobre el Poder (una Experiencia Colectiva) (Conversations about Power: a Collective Experience), University of Buenos Aires, 1995; and Los Hechos Armados (Argentina, 1973/76): la Acumulación Primitiva del Genocidio (The Armed Events (Argentina, 1973/76): the Primitive Accumulation of Genocide), Ediciones PICASO/La Rosa Blindada, Buenos Aires, 1996. As a member of the PRINWASS team, he has been in charge of coordinating the tasks of the Buenos Aires University team, which include the elaboration of the Buenos Aires case study (jointly with the FLACSO Argentina team), the cross-comparative report on the demo-geographic dimension, and the country strategic report (also, jointly with FLACSO). He is also a key advisor to the project coordinator on the theoretical and methodological aspects of the research.

Cornelia E. Nauen is a Senior Scientific Cooperation Officer at the European Commission’s Directorate General (DG) INCO-DEV Programme. Following a PhD in marine ecology and fisheries from Kiel University in Germany in 1979, she spent a six-year period at FAO working on issues of international scientific and development cooperation in the fields of aquatic biodiversity and pollution. In 1985, she joined the European Commission’s Directorate General (DG) for Development dealing with fisheries cooperation – from overseeing development projects to supporting policy dialogue – with a focus on Africa. In response to a Resolution of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly in 1993, collaboration with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of countries with focus on knowledge cooperation in the aquatic resources areas was put up higher onto the agenda with emphasis on the transition towards sustainable development supported by ecosystem approaches. Working out of DG Research since 2000 allowed expanding these opportunities into the context of the well-established International S&T Programme (INCO) in other regions of the world. Since the official launch of the EU Water Initiative at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, she has been dealing increasingly with river basin approaches and research in support of water policy and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The objective is to harness more explicit synergies between international scientific cooperation, aid, foreign relations, trade and cultural cooperation with a view to contribute more effectively to the MDGs and increase the benefits of research for citizens.

Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga is a civil engineer with a PhD in Technology from Tampere University of Technology, Finland. He has with 24 years of experience in planning, design and implementation of both rural and urban water supply and wastewater, irrigation and drainage, infrastructural engineering, feasibility studies, urban water demand management, preparation of contract documentation and implementation, contract management and auditing, and operation and maintenance of numerous water supply and sewerage works and irrigation projects. Dr. Nyangeri is a registered practicing civil engineer and licensed water supply and sewerage engineer with Water Apportionment Board (WAB – panel I), Ministry of Water Resources Management and Development. He is a principal partner at Samez Consultants, Consulting Engineers, and a Senior Lecturer in the field of hydraulic engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya. In particular Dr. Nyangeri has been involved in the peer review of the water sector strategy papers in Kenya (National Water Services Strategy and National Water Resources Management Strategy). He has also participated in the water sector review programmes and he is a team member of the development of the national water and sanitation monitoring indicators for the Millennium Development Goals. As a member of the PRINWASS research team, he has prepared the Kenyan case studies.

Fernando Saavedra Peláez has been a full-time lecturer and researcher at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) Mexico since 1998. He has expertise in population studies, environment and sustainable development, territorial integration, and has worked on issues of urban environments, population dynamics, agrarian structures, regulation of land and water resources. He is also an advisor to the General Secretariat of the National Population Council (CONAPO) in Mexico. Dr Saavedra Peláez obtained a BA in Geography from the University of Chile (1972), a MA in Agricultural Development (1977) and a PhD in Rural Sociology (1978), both at the University of Paris I and III La Sorbonne, France. He has hold positions in several Latin American academic institutions in Chile, Panamá, and Mexico, including a post of lecturer and researcher at El Colegio de Mexico (1979-86), invited lecturer at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (1995-98) and El Colegio de Puebla (1987-90), all in Mexico. He has also developed different activities in both the public and private sectors in Mexico: Sub Director of Health Studies and Advisor to the Direction of Population and Services Studies at the federal Health Ministry in Mexico (1987-90); research and consultancy for the Secretariat of Agriculture and Hydraulic Resources; the Fund for Tourism Development (FONATUR); the Development Secretariat of the government of Tabasco; the Fund for Industrial Development (FIDEIN); and the National Fund in support of Social Enterprises (FONAES) of the Secretariat of Social Development. Among other, he has published La Ciudad y el Medio Ambiente: Seis Estudios de Caso (The City and the Environment: Six Case Studies), Mexico City, El Colegio de Mexico, 1983; Propuesta Metodológica para el Estudio del Medio Ambiente Urbano (Methodological Proposal for the Study of the Urban Environment), Mexico City, Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hídricos (SARH), 1992; La Población en un Mundo Finito (Population in a Finite World), PUMA, 1997; El Medio Ambiente Rural (The Rural Environment), Mexico City, Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO), 1998; Distribución de la Población según Zonas Ecológicas (Population Distribution According to Ecological Zones), Mexico City, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2000; Atlas Demográfico de México: Distribución Territorial de la Población según Clima, Altitud, Vegetación y Provincias Ecológicas (Demographic Atlas of Mexico: Territorial Distribution of the Population according to Climate, Height, Vegetation, and Ecological Zones), Mexico City, CONAPO-PROGRESA, 2000; Fenómenos Naturales, Riesgos y Desastres (Natural Phenomena, Risks, and Disasters), Mexico City, CONAPO, 2000; Población, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable: dos Estudios de Caso (Population, Environment and Sustainable Development: Two Case Studies), Mexico City, Secretariat of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP), CONAPO, FLACSO, 2001; Población y Recursos Naturales: el Caso del Agua (Population and Natural Resources: the Case of Water), Mexico City, CONAPO, 2003. In the PRINWASS project he has been a member of the FLACSO Mexico team and has collaborated in the development of the Aguascalientes case study, and other relevant tasks including the country strategic report.

Osmo Seppälä is a Senior Research Engineer in the Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology (IEEB), Tampere University of Technology (TUT). He gained his doctoral degree (D.Tech. Civ.Eng.) from TUT in April 2004. His doctoral dissertation focused on visionary and strategic management of water utilities and institutional reform in the water and sanitation sector. Dr. Seppälä has over 20 years of professional experience in the sector, including about 8 years of experience from water and sanitation projects in East Africa. During the most recent period he has concentrated on matters related to institutional development and capacity building, policy and management, and the management and supervision of project implementation activities. As a member of the PRINWASS team, Dr Seppälä is responsible of the Finnish case study and country strategic report (jointly with Tapio Katko, Jarmo Hukka, and Pekka Pietilä), and for the cross-comparative report on policy-institutional aspects (jointly with Dr Marcelo Vargas). He has also responsibility for coordinating the work of the Kenyan and Tanzanian research teams and is a member of the project’s Publications Committee.

María Luisa Torregrosa Armentia obtained her PhD in Social Sciences, with specialization in Sociology, from El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City. She is a full time lecturer at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), and member of the National System of Researchers (SNI). She is a member of the Projects Evaluation Committee in the Water Sector Fund managed by the National Water Commission (CNA) and the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), and is also FLACSO Mexico’s representative in the World Water Council. Dr Torregrosa also works as an external consultant on water issues for national and international organizations, including the World Bank (Programme for the Adaptation of Water Rights and Rescaling of Irrigation Districts in Mexico, [PADUA]), the Commission for Integral Water Management in the Representative Assembly of the Federal District, Mexico, and is collaborating with the National Water Commission in the organization of the IV World Water Forum that will take place in Mexico in 2006. She designed and run the Coordination of Social Participation in the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA) between 1990 and 1997, and has elaborated and coordinated a number of projects to support the modernization of the rural and urban water sector in Mexico. She is also the local coordinator of the project Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas, a study funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and coordinated by the Development Planning Unit, University College London. Among her recent publications: “Ciudadanía y gobernabilidad en México: el caso de la conflictividad y la participación social en torno a la gestión del agua” (Citizenship and governance in Mexico: conflict and social participation around water management), with José Esteban Castro and Karina Kloster, in Blanca Jiménez and Luis Marín (ed.), El Agua en México Vista desde la Academia (Water in Mexico: an Academic Perspective), ISBN 968-7428-22-8, México DF: Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, 2004, pp. 339-370; “Ciudadanía y gobernabilidad en la cuenca del Río Bravo-Grande” (Citizenship and governance in the Rio Bravo-Grande basin), with José Esteban Castro, Karina Kloster, and Isabel Studer, in Blanca Jiménez and Luis Marín (ed.), El Agua en México Vista desde la Academia (Water in Mexico: an Academic Perspective), ISBN 968-7428-22-8, México DF: Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, 2004, pp. 199-232; “Caracterización de las unidades de producción rural en la Región del Pacífico Mexicano” (Caracterization of the rural production units in the Pacific Region of Mexico) in La Región del Pacífico Mexicano frente a los Cambios Globales y la Reorganización Regional (The Pacific Region of Mexico facing Global Change and Regional Reorganization), Cuadernos de Trabajo, FLACSO, 2003; Modernización del Campo Mexicano y Crisis de las Identidades Sociales Tradicionales (Modernization of the Mexican Rural Sector and Crisis of the Tradicional Social Identities) (forthcoming, 2004). As a member of the PRINWASS project, she is the coordinator of the Mexican team in charge of the local case study and country strategic report, and is responsible for the infrastructure and technology dimension of the study. She is also a member of the project’s publication committee.

Marcelo Coutinho Vargas is a sociologist and urban planner with a PhD in Urban Planning from the LATTS/ENPC/University of Paris XII. He is a Lecturer in Sociology at Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil, where he teaches Post-Graduate and Graduate courses in Social Sciences. He has also worked as a consultant in water resources management projects for national and provincial governments in Brazil, including the National Drinking Water Conservation Plan (PNCDA), the Tiete River Basin Plan, and the Reservoir Billings' Basin Environmental Enhancement Plan. He has also coordinated a research project on the Social Perception of Water in two river basins of the State of Sao Paulo (2000-2001), a project funded by the Foundation for Research Development of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP). and is the author of many articles and book chapters about Water Ressources Management, Water resources perception, and Basic Sanitation policies published in Brazil.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Prof Barbara Harris-White, Director Elect, Queen Elizabeth House, for the institutional support offered for the organization of the Open Workshop.

General Coordination: José Esteban Castro

Logistic Assistance: Martin Langsam, St Antony's College, Oxford

Last updated: September 2007